衡水保洁服务有限公司

一般来说，空气缺乏微生物生长所需的水分和养料，它不是微生物生长的适宜环境。但在室内环境中，特别在通风不良、人员拥挤的情况下，致病微生物却可以通过空气传播，使易感人群发生感染。据监测，通风不良、密封的房间空气中细菌含量一般较高。开窗通风的房间，每立方米含细菌约5800个，而密闭的房间每立方米含量可高达19000个。

In general, air lacks the water and nutrients needed for microbial growth. It is not an appropriate environment for microbial growth. But in indoor environment, especially under the condition of poor ventilation and crowded people, pathogenic microbes can be transmitted through air to make susceptible people infected. According to the monitoring, the air in the ventilated and sealed room is generally high in the bacteria content. There are about 5800 bacteria per cubic meter in a room with ventilated windows, and 19000 in closed rooms per cubic meter.

致病微生物可附着在室内的尘埃上被吸入呼吸道。不同粒径的尘埃在呼吸道的沉积部位不同。大于5／Am的尘埃多沉积在上呼吸道，即沉积在鼻咽区、气管和支气管区，通过纤毛运动这些尘埃被推移至咽部，或被吞咽至胃，或随咳嗽和打喷嚏被排除。 5—2．5um的尘埃多沉积在细支气管和肺泡。2．5—0．4／1m以下的尘埃?5％在肺泡内沉积，但小于0．4／lm的尘埃可以较自由地出入肺泡并随呼吸排出体外，因此在呼吸道的沉积较少。

The pathogenic microorganism can be attached to the dust in the indoor air to be inhaled in the respiratory tract. Different particles of dust were deposited in the respiratory tract. More than 5 / Am of dust is deposited on the upper respiratory tract, which is deposited in the nasopharyngeal area, trachea and bronchus. Through ciliary movement, the dust is transferred to the pharynx, or is swallowed to the stomach, or is eliminated with coughing and sneezing. 5 - 2.5um of dust deposited in bronchioles and alveoli. Dust below 2.5 - 0.4 / 1m? 5% is deposited in alveoli, but less than 0.4 / LM of dust can freely enter the alveolus and expulse with respiration, so there is less deposition in the respiratory tract.

人在咳嗽或打喷嚏时，可喷射出上百万个细小的飞沫小滴，到达1．5—2m甚至更远处，并可在空气中悬浮4～6h。较小的飞沫在空气中可很快蒸发形成非常细小的粒子，在空气中悬浮播散，其内的微生物可存活较长的时间。飞沫是流感、百日咳、肺鼠疫、SARS以及其他肺炎病原体的固有传播方式，也是结核、脑膜炎等病原体的重要传播方式。此外，一些消化道传染病如痢疾、霍乱也可通过病原体污染的飞沫传播。

People when coughing or sneezing, capable of ejecting droplets droplets of millions of tiny, reaching 1.5 2m or even more distant, and can be suspended in the air from 4 to 6h. The smaller droplets quickly evaporated in the air to form very small particles, suspended in the air, and the microbes within the air could survive for a long time. Droplets are the natural way of transmission of influenza, pertussis, pneumonic plague, SARS and other pneumonia pathogens. They are also important ways of transmission of pathogens such as tuberculosis and meningitis. In addition, some digestive tract infections, such as dysentery and cholera, can also be transmitted through droplets contaminated by pathogens.